Las terminaciones “-ed” y “-ing” no sólo se usan para formar los tiempos verbales del pasado y presente continuo, también se usan con adjetivos. Estos adjetivos están compuestos de un verbo y estas dos terminaciones, pero ten en cuenta que el sentido cambia dependiendo de que terminación se use.
“-ed” Adjectives (Adjetivos terminando en “-ed”)
Los adjetivos que terminan en “-ed” indican o describen emociones. Estos adjetivos suelen acabar en “-ado” o “-ido” en español y van después del verbo “estar”.
Ejemplos:
| | John is interested in art.(John está interesado en el arte.) |
| | Denise was bored in class.(Denise estaba aburrida en clase.) |
| | Luke is excited about his new job.(Luke está emocionado con su nuevo empleo.) |
“-ing” Adjectives (Adjetivos terminando en “-ing”)
Los adjetivos que terminan en “-ing” indican o describen una característica de algo o alguien. A diferencia de los adjetivos que terminan en (“‑ed”), no hay regla en español para formar estos adjetivos y van después del verbo “ser”.
Ejemplos:
| | John is an interesting person.(John es una persona interesante.) |
| | The class was boring so Denise fell asleep.(La clase era aburrida así que Denise se durmió.) |
| | Luke started an exciting new job.(Luke acaba de empezar un nuevo empleo emocionante.) |
Nota: Como hemos mencionado anteriormente, el uso de un adjetivo en vez de otro cambia el sentido de la frase.
Ejemplos:
| | Steve is embarrassed.(Steve está avergonzado.) |
| | Steve is embarrassing.(Steve es vergonzoso.) |
A continuación tienes una lista de algunos de los adjetivos más comunes terminando en (“‑ed”) y “-ing”.
| “-ed” Adjetivo | “-ing” Adjetivo |
|---|
alarmed
alarmado | alarming
alarmante |
aggravated
agravado | aggravating
agravante |
annoyed
molesto | annoying
molesto |
astonished
asombrado | astonishing
asombroso |
astounded
asombrado | astounding
asombroso |
bored
aburrido | boring
aburrido |
captivated
cautivado | captivating
cautivador |
challenged
desafiado | challenging
desafiante |
charmed
encantado | charming
encantador |
comforted
consolado | comforting
consolador |
confused
confuso | confusing
confuso |
convinced
convencido | convincing
convincente |
depressed
deprimido | depressing
deprimente |
disappointed
decepcionado | disappointing
decepcionante |
discouraged
desalentado | discouraging
desalentador |
disgusted
indignado | disgusting
repugnante |
distressed
preocupado | distressing
preocupante |
disturbed
perturbado | disturbing
pertubador |
embarrassed
avergonzado | embarrassing
vergonzoso |
encouraged
animado | encouraging
alentador |
entertained
entretenido | entertaining
entretenido |
excited
emocionado | exciting
emocionante |
exhausted
agotado | exhausting
agotador |
fascinated
fascinado | fascinating
fascinante |
frightened
asustado | frightening
espantoso |
frustrated
frustrado | frustrating
frustrante |
fulfilled
satisfecho | fulfilling
satisfactorio |
gratified
satisfecho | gratifying
gratificante |
inspired
inspirado | inspiring
inspirador |
insulted
insultado | insulting
insultante |
interested
interesado | interesting
interesante |
moved
emocionado | moving
emocionante |
overwhelmed
abrumado | overwhelming
abrumador |
perplexed
desconcertado | perplexing
desconcertante |
pleased
satisfecho | pleasing
satisfactorio |
relaxed
relajado | relaxing
relajante |
relieved
consolado | relieving
consolador |
satisfied
satisfecho | satisfying
satisfactorio |
shocked
conmocionado | shocking
chocante |
sickened
asqueado | sickening
asqueroso |
soothed
relajado | soothing
relajante |
surprised
sorprendido | surprising
sorprendente |
tempted
tentado | tempting
tentador |
terrified
aterrado | terrifying
aterrador |
threatened
amenazado | threatening
amenazante |
thrilled
emocionado | thrilling
emocionante |
tired
cansado | tiring
agotador |
touched
conmovido | touching
conmovedor |
unsettled
perturbado | unsettling
perturbador |
worried
preocupado | worrying
preocupante |
The “-ed” and “-ing” endings are not only used to form the past and continuous verb tenses, they are used with adjectives as well. These adjectives are made using a verb and one of these two terminations, but be careful because the meaning of the adjective changes depending on which ending is used.
“-ed” Adjectives
Adjectives ending in “-ed” indicate or describe feelings.
| | John is interested in art. |
| | Denise was bored in class. |
| | Luke is excited about his new job. |
“-ing” Adjectives
Adjectives ending in “-ing” indicate or describe a characteristic of something or someone.
| | John is an interesting person. |
| | The class was boring, so Denise fell asleep. |
| | Luke started an exciting new job. |
Note: As mentioned above, the use of one adjective over the other changes the meaning of the sentence.
| | Steve is embarrassed.(Meaning: Steve feels embarrassed.) |
| | Steve is embarrassing.(Meaning: Steve acts in a manner which is embarrassing.) |
The following is a list of some of the more common adjectives ending in “-ed” and “-ing”.
| “-ed” Adjective | “-ing” Adjective |
|---|
| alarmed | alarming |
| aggravated | aggravating |
| annoyed | annoying |
| astonished | astonishing |
| astounded | astounding |
| bored | boring |
| captivated | captivating |
| challenged | challenging |
| charmed | charming |
| comforted | comforting |
| confused | confusing |
| convinced | convincing |
| depressed | depressing |
| disappointed | disappointing |
| discouraged | discouraging |
| disgusted | disgusting |
| distressed | distressing |
| disturbed | disturbing |
| embarrassed | embarrassing |
| encouraged | encouraging |
| entertained | entertaining |
| excited | exciting |
| exhausted | exhausting |
| fascinated | fascinating |
| frightened | frightening |
| frustrated | frustrating |
| fulfilled | fulfilling |
| gratified | gratifying |
| inspired | inspiring |
| insulted | insulting |
| interested | interesting |
| moved | moving |
| overwhelmed | overwhelming |
| perplexed | perplexing |
| pleased | satisfying |
| relaxed | relaxing |
| relieved | relieving |
| satisfied | satisfying |
| shocked | shocking |
| sickened | sickening |
| soothed | soothing |
| surprised | surprising |
| tempted | tempting |
| terrified | terrifying |
| threatened | threatening |
| thrilled | thrilling |
| tired | tiring |
| touched | touching |
| unsettled | unsettling |
| worried | worrying |
