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    Learn Courses Advanced level Word formation Prefixes and suffixes

Word Formation - Lesson 10.1

Prefixes and Suffixes

(Los prefijos y sufijos)

Prefixes and Suffixes are letters or groups of letters which are added to either the beginning of a word (prefix) or the end of a word (suffix) to change its meaning and/or function. Many prefixes and suffixes have Latin roots. An understanding of the various meanings of prefixes and suffixes can help us determine the meaning of new words that we encounter.

Prefixes

Prefixes are attached to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

Examples:

 moral → amoral
 modern → postmodern
 wrap → unwrap

Common Prefixes

The four most common prefixes are in bold below. These four prefixes represent the grand majority of prefixed words in printed English.

PrefixMeaningExample
a-, an-without  atypical
anti-against/opposite  antihero
auto-self  autobiography
bi-two  bilingual
co-with  codependent
com-, con-with  compassion, conjoin
de-off/away from  detach
dis-not  disintegrate
en-cause to  enlarge
extra-beyond/more than  extraordinary
il-, im-, in-, ir-not/without  impotent, irregular
in-into  invert
inter-between  interact
macro-large  macroeconomics
micro-small  microwave
mis-incorrectly  misunderstanding
mono-one  monolingual
non-not/without  nonexistent
post-after  postscript
pre-, pro-before  prehistoric
re-again  reuse
sub-under  subway
trans-across  transport
tri-three  trilingual
un-not  unhelpful

Suffixes

Suffixes are attached to the end of the word to create a new word or to change the function of a word. For example, verbs can be altered to become adjectives or nouns with the addition of a suffix.

Examples:

Noun Suffix

 maintain [v.] → maintenance [n.]

Verb Suffix

 bright [adj.] → brighten [v.]

Adjective Suffix

 enjoy [v.] → enjoyable [adj.]

Common Suffixes

The most common suffixes are those used for creating various verb tenses (“-ing”, “-ed”), plurals (“-s”, “-es”) and adverbs (“-ly”), which we have seen in previous lessons. The table below includes other common suffixes.

SuffixMeaningExample
-acystate or quality of  privacy
-alact or process  proposal
-ance, -encestate or quality of  appearance
-domplace or state of being  freedom
-er, -orone who  teacher, actor
-ismdoctrine, belief  nationalism
-istone who  nationalist
-ity, -tyquality of  complicity
-mentcondition of  treatment
-nessstate of being  happiness
-shipposition  relationship
-sion, -tionstate of being  procession, education
Verb Suffixes
-atebecome  placate
-enbecome  harden
-ify, -fymake or become  terrify
-ize, -isebecome  harmonize
Adjectives Suffixes
-able, -iblecapable of  sensible
-fulnotable for  beautiful
-ic, -icalpertaining to  scientific, magical
-ious, -ouscharacterized  obnoxious
-ishhaving the quality of  feverish
-ivehaving the quality of  productive
-lesswithout  hopeless
-ycharacterized by  lazy
Prefixes and Suffixes Listen to Lesson
1
13
Preferencias
Voice
Accent